Causes and Effects of Spanish Exploration and Colonization Spain played a critical part in the exploration and colonization of the Americas. It was able to amplify the power of Undead army by several magnitudes. poway high school bell schedule 2021. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? At the height of the middle ages, the Mongol Empire had kept open borders throughout Asia and into Europe along the Silk Road, allowing spices and other luxury goods to flow freely from the Far East. The Spaniards were not far behind the Portuguese in their exploration and empire building. The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. By this and other means, native people helped shape the conquest of the Americas. They also found a sea route to India. They also found a sea route to India. Ecuador and Columbia fell to Spain later in the 1530s, and Chile succumbed in the 1540s. The Portuguese replaced Arab control of the trade in ivory, gold and slaves with their own. In this context, evaluating mercury contamination in coastal sediments and mercury magnification in marine food webs is crucial for . Posted on . Indeed, the Spanish created an empire across two continents, and the world would never be the same. The Carrack or Nao (meaning ship) was developed as a fusion between Mediterranean and Northern European-style ships. However, when Columbus in fact discovered America, the subsequent discoveries of indigenous peoples led the Catholic country to move beyond pure trade goals to establish lasting colonies that would add to Spain's greatness and spread Catholicism to the New World. During the Spanish colonial era, ships frequently transported mercury across the Atlantic to the New World to be used in gold mining. Then, when they found Amerindians, they wanted to colonize and convert them, as well as have access to their gold. The Reconquista marked another step forward in the process of making Spain an imperial power, and Ferdinand and Isabella were now ready to look further afield. These countries, therefore, represent two distinct, but key goals of New World exploration that became the basic pattern for the history of the Atlantic World. One of the greatest lasting effects of Spanish incursion into Latin America was the . Spain had dominated much of the Americas; Ortiz goes as far to brand the period as "The Golden Age of Spain [1] ". Using the explorers first name as a label for the new landmass, Waldseemuller attached America to his map of the New World in 1507, and the name stuck. They also found a sea route to India. The carrack first appeared, historians believe, in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. For them, the dungeon of Elmina was their last sight of their home country. When this lesson is over, you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. positivism constructivism or interpretivism and pragmatism what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? The trees, fruits and grasses differ widely from those in Juana. It has many ports along the sea-coast excelling any in Christendomand many fine, large, flowing rivers. What was the positive impact of Portuguese exploration? Ottoman Turks controlled much of the land routes to the East, and they initially charged exorbitant taxes for traders to get through. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Armed with these advances, Bartholomew Dias reached the tip of Africa in 1487, naming it the Cape of Good Hope. Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a north-to-south line of demarcation in the Atlantic Ocean, about 100 leagues (555 . 1 What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Spanish . The Spanish also brought smallpox into the valley of Mexico. Inspired by tales of rivers of gold and timid, malleable natives, later Spanish explorers were relentless in their quest for land and gold. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on. Europeans gained new materials like gold, silver, and jewels. Almost as an afterthought, the Portuguese turned west to Brazil in the 16th century and began settlement in 1533. Beginning in about 1418, Henry sent explorers to sea almost every year. As they died, new workers were needed. Settlements sprang up at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565, and in New Mexico in 1609. Spain was unable to compete with Portugal throughout most of the 15th century as it was occupied with consolidating itself on the Iberian peninsula and defeating the Islamic empire that had been present since the early middle ages. Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire and took part in explorations of the northern Caribbean coast of South America. Her specialties include early modern European history, gender history, and music history. The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492, Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 15001700, Rule Britannia! Portugal imported armor and munitions, fine clothes, and several manufactured products from Flanders and Italy. He then sailed to an island he named Hispaniola (present-day Dominican Republic and Haiti) ([link]). He presided as governor over the province of Nueva Galicia, where he heard rumors of wealth to the north: a golden city called Quivira. 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From these strategic points, Portugal spread its empire down the western coast of Africa to the Congo, along the western coast of India, and eventually to Brazil on the eastern coast of South America. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. This button displays the currently selected search type. Vasco Nez de Balboa traveled across Panama in 1513 and saw the Pacific Ocean for the first time. Perhaps the key motivator behind exploration in this era was economic. Vasco de Balboa 1513- goal was to find gold and a new sea. 5 Pages. What was the success of Spain and Portugal? Create your account. explored isthmus of panama. The Spanish followed suit, beginning with Christopher Columbus, before moving beyond mere trade and focusing on empire building. Copies of the letter were soon circulating all over Europe, spreading news of the wondrous new land that Columbus had discovered. Columbus would make three more voyages over the next decade, establishing Spains first settlement in the New World on the island of Hispaniola. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you [1] John Francis Bannon, editor, Bolton and the Spanish Borderlands (1964), pp. Columbus set sail with three small ships and a crew of eighty . Although the period known as the Age of Discovery, when Western Europe's conquistadors or conquerors discovered the true expanse of the globe, began with a Portuguese and Spanish desire to find ways to the Far East and the spice trade, it ended with both nations permanently expanding a myriad of trade networks and colonies on continents previously unknown. For example, the mariner's astrolabe, which helped to plot location by measuring the altitude of the sun and stars. They wanted to spread catholic culture in whole world. Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. What are the most important factors behind the success of Portuguese and Spanish overseas exploration and colonization? They are most beautiful, of a thousand varied forms, accessible, and full of trees of endless varieties, so high that they seem to touch the sky, and I have been told that they never lose their foliage. 1524. Westward Expansion, 1840-1900, Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, 1870-1900, The Growing Pains of Urbanization, 1870-1900, Leading the Way: The Progressive Movement, 1890-1920, Age of Empire: American Foreign Policy, 1890-1914, The Jazz Age: Redefining the Nation, 1919-1929, Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? Slaves lived in the dungeon for weeks or months until ships arrived to transport them to Europe or the Americas. By Spanish Exploration Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War Battle of Dien Bien Phu Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev Era The Portuguese took the lead. This island, like all the others, is most extensive. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. What does it reveal about the state of geographical knowledge, as well as European perceptions of the New World, at the beginning of the sixteenth century? This colonial enterprise was driven by a search for African gold, Asian spices, and Christian kingdoms in the east. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. The Portuguese destroyed the Arab trade routes in the Indian Ocean between Africa, Arabia and India. What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. Over the next two centuries, a string of explorers and conquistadors, or military conquerors, claimed territory after territory for the ever-widening Spanish empire. Along the way, they discovered plenty of ways to make a profit from their voyages, and pretty soon they were leaders in the gold and slave trades. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. Portugal, the western-most European country, was one of the primary players in the European Age of Discovery and Exploration. When the Spanish and Portuguese explore to the new world it results in massive increase in the population. Many other Europeans followed in Columbuss footsteps, drawn by dreams of winning wealth by sailing west. Q. THE SPANISH GOLDEN AGE The exploits of European explorers had a profound impact both in the Americas and back in Europe. Hoping to salvage Portugals Atlantic holdings, King Joo II began negotiations with Spain. During the fifteenth century, Spain hoped to gain advantage over its rival, Portugal. Spain wanted to explore the New World first to find a trade route to India as the Portuguese had. Discover the motivations & goals of Spanish & Portuguese exploration of the New World & Asia. To those ends, Ferdinand and Isabella sponsored extensive Atlantic exploration. The Spanish brought Western ideals to the Americas, including economic and religious systems. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. Only by playing upon the disunity among the diverse groups in the Aztec Empire were the Spanish able to capture the grand city of Tenochtitln. The confinement of my story to Spanish, rather than Iberian, America means the almost total exclusion of the Portuguese settlement of Brazil, except for glancing references to the sixty-year period, from 1580 to 1640, when it formed part of Spain's global monarchy. a long period of peace and prosperity for the nations of western Europe. The effect of the Thrash's set items were huge. What does this letter show us about Spanish objectives in the New World? Which country established the first colonies in the Americas? Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. The natives quickly became the bulk of the workforce and were horribly abused despite Isabel's orders to the contrary. Missionaries such as Toribio Motolinia and Bartolome de Las Casas brought Catholicism and advocated for the natives, though they fought an uphill battle. At Elmina the main source was Ashanti gold, at trading points on the Guinea coast it was gold diverted to Portuguese traders from the caravan route from Timbuktu to Morocco. Sources. The voyages of Columbus. Most trades for Western Europe required overland travel, which only grew more difficult with Ottoman conquests in the East. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. He understood why the exploration and hunt of the surrounding was done by the Domain . Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Without her, Corts would not have been able to communicate, and without the language bridge, he surely would have been less successful in destabilizing the Aztec Empire. A major result of the European Age of Exploration was. When the Spanish captured Granada in 1492, it allowed the Catholic monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, to listen to the arguments of the Genoese sea captain, Christopher Columbus, and his claims that he could find a shorter route to the Far East. Like Corts, Pizarro had to combat not only the natives of the new worlds he was conquering, but also competitors from his own country; a Spanish rival assassinated him in 1541. There were new places to explore, room to spread out, and cultures and economies to discover and even control. 201-202. The Hapsburg dynasty, which ruled a collection of territories including Austria, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and Spain, encouraged and financed the work of painters, sculptors, musicians, architects, and writers, resulting in a blooming of Spanish Renaissance culture. Hoping to gain power over the city, Corts took Moctezuma, the Aztec ruler, hostage. An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. The Portuguese were very pleased by this achievement, and they soon dominated the East Indies trade. . While disease killed populations. Seeking to ensure that Columbuss finds would remain Spanish, Spains monarchs turned to the Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI, who issued two papal decrees in 1493 that gave legitimacy to Spains Atlantic claims at the expense of Portugal. They were looking for something new and different, and they were ready to push beyond Europe to find it. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. There is honey, and there are many kinds of birds, and a great variety of fruits. Finally, they also desired to build an empire and spread Catholicism. All lands to the west of the line, identified as the Line of Demarcation, would be Spains. An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. Spanish and Portuguese explorations expanded the understanding of the world and the diversity of its people for future centuries. The Great Depression, 1929-1932, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941, Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945, Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960, Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980, The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century. European exploration, exploration of regions of Earth for scientific, commercial, religious, military, and other purposes by Europeans, beginning about the 4th century bce. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. The Portuguese had the best and most up-to-date navigational tools as well. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?san juan airport restaurants hours Credit Solution Experts Incorporated offers quality business credit building services, which includes an easy step-by-step system designed for helping clients build their business credit effortlessly. Jul 22nd, 2021 Published. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? In time, much of the Atlantic World would become a gargantuan sugar-plantation complex in which Africans labored to produce the highly profitable commodity for European consumers. In the eighteenth century, a French historian compared Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New World in the following terms: The conquests of the Portuguese in the New World are not as pleasing on a broad view as the conquests of Mexico and Peru. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. The increased flow of silver altered the worldwide global trading both socially and economically. Smarting from their defeat at the hands of the Aztec, Corts slowly created alliances with native peoples who resented Aztec rule. As Spains empire expanded and riches flowed in from the Americas, the Spanish experienced a golden age of art and literature. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. It also established trading posts in China and Japan. A. Africans found a sea route around the world. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration Spain and Portugal were neighboring kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula and fierce competitors exploring the African coastline. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. An error occurred trying to load this video. The motives that spur human beings to examine their environment are many. More than a dozen veterans shared their concerns with U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough and U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola. Everywhere they traveled, they brought European diseases, which claimed thousands of native lives as well as the lives of the explorers. The story of North American exploration spans an entire millennium and involves a wide array of European powers and uniquely American characters. 247 lessons Its hills and mountains, fine plains and open country, are rich and fertile for planting and for pasturage, and for building towns and villages. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. What was the impact of Vasco de Gamas exploration? The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. The exploits of the most famous Spanish explorers have provided Western civilization with a narrative of European supremacy and Indian savagery. (1531) How did Exploration impact the world? How did explorers born in Portugal impact the world? In 1533, Pizarro founded Lima, Peru. Spain also grew increasingly wealthy, but the influx of gold and silver currency eventually caused serious problems leading Charles V to declare bankruptcy and spread inflation throughout Europe. It took nearly a year for the Spanish and the tens of thousands of native allies who joined them to defeat the Mexica in Tenochtitln, which they did by laying siege to the city. This slave trade also came into greater usage when the Portuguese followed the Spanish in setting their sights across the Atlantic, colonizing Brazil in the 1530s. Portrait of Ferdinand Magellan. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. Pizarro began his work by capturing the Incan king and holding him for ransom, the astronomical amount of which flooded the Spanish coiffures and made empire-building more lucrative than it had ever been. While the Portuguese didnt rule over an immense landmass, their strategic holdings of islands and coastal ports gave them almost unrivaled control of nautical trade routes and a global empire of trading posts during the 1400s. Explorer Bartholomeu Dias made his way around Africa, and Vasco de Gama finally made it to India. flashcard sets. Native Spaniards created equally enduring works. Explore the collection at The Cervantes Project for images, complete texts, and other resources relating to Cervantess works. His patronage allowed some of the most important Portuguese expeditions to take place. Starting in 1485, he approached Genoese, Venetian, Portuguese, English, and Spanish monarchs, asking for ships and funding to explore this westward route. Such accounts kept the debate on the treatment of natives constantly at the forefront of political life during the age of exploration with the struggle always between greed and humanity. Map of Columbus' first journey to the Americas. Christopher Columbus incorrectly believed he had found India when he landed at San Salvador in the Bahamas in 1492. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Ushered in a new age of sustained global contact; world connected through networks of exchange. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Columbus' discoveries also shifted the reasons behind Spanish exploration from trade to empire-building and exploration. . The Spanish then murdered hundreds of high-ranking Mexica during a festival to celebrate Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. Although his first efforts against the Inca Empire in the 1520s failed, Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and executed him one year later. 27 chapters | Santngel had supported Columbuss voyage, helping him to obtain funding from Ferdinand and Isabella. Vasco de Gamas exploits successfully established a spice trade between Europe and India. Learn key differences in what each country focused on when colonizing. De Gama's successful venture created a greater demand than ever before for overseas trades along the African coast. The Europeans enslaved the Native Americans and took most of them back to Europe. Part of this Age of Discovery was the creation of a new occupation, that of conquistador. Beyond the splendor of the architecture of the missions, what we see today is the cumulative effect of a historic process Spain triggered with its efforts to govern and Christianize the New World, thereby culturally changing the land and people forever.