b. three-fourths of the girls received disparaging remarks about their athletic or sports I start with some of the early challenges to the widely-employed philosophical method of casesthe very challenges that originally prompted the new movement of experimental philosophyand with some fundamental questions about the method that are yet to have been given satisfying answers. QUICKBOOKSADVANCE EXAM SECTION 1. Which of the following statements best describes life insurance policy dividends? This truth may come in part from the roles that individuals play in society. b. prey on women's insecurities to get them to buy advertiser's products. This is an example of Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes. d. discrimination. d. white men, In 2016, what percent of families headed by Latina women lived in poverty? The game is very close. d. "The bachelor and spinster decided to share an apartment. c. wicked Are Hispanics white or nonwhite? Entropy-related risks were soon translated into the "infodemic", a wide-spread phenomenon with psychosocial and cultural roots. A Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called a. transference. c. all ethnic groups in a society retain their independent and separate identities yet share equally in the rights and powers of citizenship. Background Patients are increasingly looking to social media platforms for medical information. b. discrimination. This problem has been solved! (1993). A white person tells an Asian American person that they "speak good English." Eagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. Selected accounts payable and general ledger accounts for Copperland Company are given in the Working Papers. Weight, BMI, age, blood pressure, and physical activity are other familiar variables commonly placed into categories. a. Benefits include medical care costs and disability income. text, which of the following titles would be most helpful to her? a. b. benevolent; hostile d. hostile; benevolent, ____ percent of men surveyed in 1977 felt women should tend to the children and home while father but has decided to withhold the diagnosis from his mother for as long as possible. baseball. Stangor, C., & Duan, C. (1991). c. Black children and white children still attend separate schools in most rural areas of the South. Social judgeability: The impact of meta-informational cues on the use of stereotypes. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Jussim, L., Robustelli, S. L., & Cain, T. R. (2009). D. slow. (A) Policy dividends represent earnings to shareowners who hold stock in insurance companies. d. had qualities of behavior or temperament that were innate and could not be altered. d. The more extensive the changes associated with the event, the less the stress. Gender stereotyping research that focused on social class has found that: a. there are no differences in the stereotypes applied to working-class and middle-class women. Sechrist, G. B., & Stangor, C. (2001). Question Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? On the cognitive side, individuals who are experiencing stereotype threat show an impairment in cognitive processing that is caused by increased vigilance toward the environment and attempts to suppress their stereotypical thoughts. Once we believe that men make better leaders than women, we tend to behave toward men in ways that makes it easier for them to lead. Now, rather than perceiving themselves as members of two different groups (men versus women), John and Sarah might suddenly perceive themselves as members of the same social category (students at their college). 262 courses. c. multiculturalism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 689703. c. animal and food terms to refer to females. But research has found that stereotypes are often used out of our awareness, which makes it very difficult for us to correct for them. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Which statement is an accurate characterization of the concept of race? b. working-class women are perceived more negatively than are middle-class women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2), 275287. c. the same type of animals were depicted on the girl cards and the boy cards. Which of the following statements about categorization in humans is FALSE? c. The New York Times now publishes announcements of same-sex weddings and commitment All Hispanics are nonwhite. Bigler, R. S., & Liben, L. S. (2006). Once the participants are convinced that the researcher is able to assess their true attitudes, it is expected that they will be more honest in answering the rest of the questions they are asked because they want to be sure that the researcher does not catch them lying. 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. All of the following statements concerning the Social Security system are correct EXCEPT: The Social Security retirement benefit is payable at normal retirement age with reduced benefits available as early as age 59 , to anyone who has obtained at least . a. show less gender bias Prejudice toward female leaders: Backlash effects and womens impression management dilemma. Following are some situations in which the boundary between the worker and the client has become blurred. Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson (1995) tested the hypothesis that these differences might be due to the activation of negative stereotypes. Tajfel and Wilkes (1963) performed a simple experiment that provided a picture of the potential outcomes of categorization. use of beauty products. Psychological Science, 14(3), 287290. There are more sexual terms associated with males than with females. c. "The average student does his homework every night." On the way home, Reggie and his other teammates blame the loss solely on the player who missed the last minute shot. b. The Stanford prison experiment led researchers to conclude which of the following? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 2924. Assimilation is when Psychological Science, 16(3), 175179. II I and II II and IV I, II, and III I, III, and IV 2 See answers d. Hispanics are neither white nor nonwhite. Psychological defense in anticipation of anxiety: Eliminating the potential for anxiety eliminates the effect of mortality salience on worldview defense. New York, NY: Guilford Press. d. Elijah Anderson. Linnaeus assumed that each subgroup a. the Whorfian hypothesis. The participants were shown the list of all the statements that had been made, along with the pictures of each of the discussion group members, and were asked to indicate who had made each of the statements. Confidentiality c. Integrity. It turns out that John does not think there should be a womens studies program at the college, and he tells Sarah so. Uploaded By Mo salah. 15. The Integrity survey includes statements . d. minority group. d. all of the above. Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students. c. working-class women are perceived more positively than are middle-class women. Tajfel found that the lines were perceived differently when they were categorized, such that the differences between the groups and the similarities within the groups were emphasized. 34, pp. c. hostile sexism. (c) Prepare the stockholders equity section of the balance sheet at December 31. x+13=2(x23)6xx+\frac{1}{3}=2\left(x-\frac{2}{3}\right)-6 x a. stress the importance of improving one's physical attractiveness through diet, exercise and Even Black people themselves respond more quickly to positive words that are associated with White rather than Black faces on the IAT, suggesting that they have subtle racial prejudice toward Blacks. f(x)=x28x+20. $23,550 provided by operating activities, c.$15,550 provided by operating activities, d. $42,400 provided by operating activities, e.$20,850 provided by operating activities. Manipulations that affirm positive characteristics about oneself or ones group are successful at reducing stereotype threat (Alter, Aronson, Darley, Rodriguez, & Ruble, 2010; Greenberg et al., 2003; McIntyre, Paulson, & Lord, 2003). Confusing one person with another: What errors reveal about the elementary forms of social relations. Order. such as martial arts, shotput, and weightlifting received extensive media coverage. c. TV commercials. d. 50. d. 26 percent; 18 percent. A. Which if the following is the correct definition of cognitive dissonance? a. Athleticism of female athletes tends to be overemphasized. Which of the following was a finding in the classic study by Festinger and Carlsmith 1959 )? And the same is true of John. Parents tend to see their newborns as unique and do not apply gender stereotypes to them. Alex is standing in line at Wal-Mart waiting to pay for his purchases. b. emigration. a. boys and girls were equally likely to be shown performing physical activities. Which of the following is not an example of masculine generic language? Mexicans in cities like Los Angeles and San Antonio end up living in segregated, high-poverty communities in which institutions, such as schools, have inferior resources and foster low expectations of their students; this situation may facilitate the categorization of Mexicans as a race. Self-report measures can be affected by people's desire to state socially desirable attitudes. British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101114. d. prejudice. a. Because Asian students are aware of the stereotype that Asians are good at math, reminding them of this fact before they take a difficult math test can improve their performance on the test (Walton & Cohen, 2003). 4 His remark is considered a collectivistic remark. c. being forced to listen to jokes that belittle women c. Japanese Americans Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(2), 229241. Alex says to his friend, "That man is incredibly rude." Schmader, T., Johns, M., & Forbes, C. (2008). d. all of the above, Studies of the parents of newborns have found that: Estimate with 90% confidence the number of American adults who were working full time. A., & Shelton, J. N. (2003). 1 He made a situational attribution. \hline \boldsymbol{y}_i & 3 & 7 & 5 & 11 & 14 Stereotyping others is simply unfair. Without power, the fish in the fish tanks at each store will die. The bogus pipeline procedure suggests that people may frequently mask their negative beliefs in publicpeople express more prejudice when they are in the bogus pipeline than they do when they are asked the same questions more directly. In most cultures, men are more likely to be in higher-status occupations, such as doctors and lawyers, whereas women are more likely to play the role of homemakers and child-care workers. b. require welfare recipients to work. Bias against people because of their disabilities is known as: d. Black women under age 35, Compared to 30 years ago, modern children's school textbooks: a. c. 13 percent; 9 percent a. prejudice. 1 The task difficulty was increased. White men performed more poorly on a math test when they were told that their performance would be compared with that of Asian men (Aronson, Lustina, Good, Keough, & Steele, 1999), and Whites performed more poorly than Blacks on a sport-related task when it was described to them as measuring their natural athletic ability (Stone, 2002). Music videos often emphasize women's sexuality rather than their musical talent. When a minority member experiences a microaggression, they Out-group homogeneity effects in natural and minimal groups. A. permanent "Female professor receives prestigious grant." Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(9), 656666. b. from the middle 1960s to 1986 2 We rely on the first information we receive to make internal attributions. a. German Americans a. 2 The confederates were all adults. c. parents perceptions of their infant's physical features closely match medical assessments. c. discrimination. Which of the following methodological approaches to a research project on assimilation is a survey? Although in some cases the stereotypes that are used to make judgments might actually be true of the individual being judged, in many other cases they are not. b. African Americans Therefore, he does 2 See answers Advertisement In this sense, the stereotypes are at least partly true for many of the members of the social category, in terms of their actual behaviors. communal-agentic distinction comprising stereotypes of adults. ______ refers to a type of social identity related to ancestry (perceived or real) and cultural differences which become effective or active in certain contexts. Bargh, J. In the next section we will consider two of these approachesthe bogus pipeline procedure and the Implicit Association Test (IAT). d. the cultural inferiority of blacks, In 2017, among full-time workers, which group has the lowest weekly earnings? highly achievement-oriented, independent and ambitious. Adults tend to stereotype infants but not older children. IV. Linville, P. W., & Jones, E. E. (1980). 2 A girl marries the boy next door. d. all of the above, Social Psychology-Chapter 7 (Conceptual/Appli. The outcome is that the stereotypes become linked to the group itself in a set of mental representations (Figure 12.5). b) There are clear-cut views on data classification and application categorization. worship-and-biblical-worldview-theo-104. d. Hispanics, Which group of Americans has the highest median household income? c. her lack of makeup and jewelry c. In the 2000 Olympics, women who competed in sports involving power or physical contact Reggie goes to a private academy and plays on the varsity basketball team. a. modern sexism and modern sexism. New York, NY: Doubleday. Judd, C. M., & Park, B. b. It is separated from the lentiform nucleus by the internal capsule. New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. White women over age 35 The representation also includes one image (or exemplar) of a particular college professor whom the student knows. The IMA's Statement of Ethical Professional Practice includes all but which of the following broad categories? (2011). He wants to move to Canada and become a permanent citizen. A white man places a rental property he owns on Craigslist to rent it out for the next year. a. receiving unwanted sexual advances d. The Japanese families' assimilation into U.S. society accelerated after the war. b. institutional racism. What were the "black codes"? In K. R. Wenzel & A. Wigfield (Eds. B. practicing discrimination A researcher sends two sets of Hispanic undergraduates out to interact with others and find out how people stigmatize one of two conditions: a student who speaks limited English or a student who is clearly fluent in English. To get around this problem, social psychologists make use of a number of techniques that help them measure these beliefs more subtly and indirectly. d. people who are not prejudiced can discriminate. Subaccounts provide more detail on accounts in reports in a simple and straightforward way You can collapse or expand each group of accounts on reports, depending on the arrow direction next to the group Subaccount balances appear indented under the parent account on reports Subaccounts do not count . Which of the following statements about categorization is most correct? Fiske, A. P., Haslam, N., & Fiske, S. T. (1991). Johns, M., Schmader, T., & Martens, A. Other indirect measures of prejudice are also frequently used in social psychological research, for instanceassessing nonverbal behaviors such as speech errors or physical closeness. This is an example of Teacher expectations and self-fulfilling prophecies. The tendency to categorize others is normally quite useful. d. A researcher distributes paper questionnaires to new immigrant children in high school. d. Neither of the above, The birth congratulations card study found that Stereotype threat is not, however, absolutewe can get past it if we try. ", 2 "I did a good job because the task was easy.". Lee, Y. T., Jussim, L. J., & McCauley, C. R. (1995). b. Racist views distinguishing the descendants of Europeans from those of Africans became central to European racist attitudes. b. Latinas You can see that an interaction that began at individual level, as two individuals conversing, has now turned to the group level, in which John has begun to consider himself as a man, and Sarah has begun to consider herself as a woman. And which groups we use in social categorization can change over time and in different situations. The tendency to see members of social groups as similar to each other is particularly strong for members of outgroups, resulting in outgroup homogeneitythe tendency to view members of outgroups as more similar to each other than we see members of ingroups (Linville, Salovey, & Fischer, 1986; Ostrom & Sedikides, 1992; Meissner & Brigham, 2001). d. displacement. . This finding is most consistent with: Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus. a. Mexicans Based on your knowledge of social psychology, which phenomenon may have contributed to the errant putt? Thinking in terms of fixed and inflexible categories, such as believing that all French people like to wear striped shirts, is best described as For instance, the stereotypes (which are held by many people) that women are nurturing and that men are dominant may occur in part because, on average, men and women find themselves in different social roles within a culture (Eagly & Steffen, 1984). During the presentation, each member of the discussion group made a suggestion about how to advertise a college play. Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. Identify what went wrong and what needs to happen to correct the situation. b. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). More than three-quarters of the nearly 59 million immigrants admitted to the United States since 1965 have been from In some cases, these beliefs may be positive, and they have the effect of making us feel more confident and thus better able to perform tasks. 2 the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. You want to visit Argentina, but your attitude about Argentina is changing as you read the news about the kidnappings that have occurred there. b. Determining how to define and categorize variables is sometimes called 'operationalizing' and is a critical part of study design. Which of the following is an example of cognitive dissonance? d. b and c, Which of the following statements about gender stereotyping of children is/are correct? Stereotype lift. . c. scapegoating "People stereotype females as communal and males as agentic because they have observed Use the following information to determine its net cash provided or used by operating activities. The statements were controlled so that across all the research participants, the statements made by the men and the women were of equal length and quality. d. Ms. Jane Collins-Sullivan, Currently, about ___ percent of college-educated brides do not take their husband's last name. a. interpersonal racism. c. male as normative. A. acting with prejudice Which of the following statements best describes the break-even point? video-notes-from-discussion-posts-. b. d. a and b, Which of the following statements regarding college athletes is/are not true? When we see members of social groups perform behaviors, we tend to better remember information that confirms our stereotypes than we remember information that disconfirms our stereotypes (Fyock & Stangor, 1994). d. her unfeminine walk. Neither individual could move the couch separately, but together, they will be able to move it. Imagine, however, that as the conversation continues, Sarah brings up an assignment that she is completing for her womens studies class. I used this code when statements . What is this scenario an example of? And John and Sarah may even change their opinions about each other, forgetting that they really like each other as individuals, because they are now responding more as group members with opposing views. He decides not to rent his house to the first applicant simply because he is Arab American and rents it to the second applicant, who is white. Thirty years of investigating the own-race bias in memory for faces: A meta-analytic review. \boldsymbol{x}_{\boldsymbol{i}} & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ a. stress a. Mexican Americans B) Social categorization can lead to unconscious stereotyping and prejudices. d. a, b, and c, There is a greater underrepresentation of ____________ than ___________ in movies and d. Perhaps the single most significant race-based explanation of Black-white inequality is the restriction or segregation of Blacks in physical space known as the ghetto. He receives two very promising applications from individuals who both are college educated and hold well-paying jobs. a. Interestingly, and suggesting that categorization is occurring all the time, the instructions that the participants had been given made absolutely no difference. According to this approach, thinking about other people in terms of their social category memberships is a functional way of dealing with the worldthings are complicated, and we reduce complexity by relying on our stereotypes.
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